Python Numbers

In Python, numbers are a fundamental concept and play a crucial role in various computational tasks. Python offers three primary numeric types:

1. int (Integer): Integers are whole numbers, either positive or negative, without any decimal points. They can be of unlimited length, allowing for precise numerical representation.

x = 1
y = 35656222554887711
z = -3255522

1. float (Floating-Point): Floating-point numbers are real numbers that can include one or more decimals. They can be positive or negative and provide a means for representing non-integer values.

x = 1.10
y = 1.0
z = -35.59

Floating-point numbers can also be used to represent scientific notation with an "e" to indicate the power of 10.

x = 35e3
y = 12E4
z = -87.7e100

1. complex: Complex numbers are represented with a "j" as the imaginary part. They are used to work with complex mathematical operations and are essential in various scientific and engineering applications.

x = 3+5j
y = 5j
z = -5j

You can verify the type of any object in Python using the type() function:

print(type(x))
print(type(y))
print(type(z))

Type Conversion

Python allows you to convert between different numeric types using the following methods:

• int(): Converts to an integer.

• float(): Converts to a floating-point number.

• complex(): Converts to a complex number.

For example:

x = 1    # int
y = 2.8  # float
z = 1j   # complex

a = float(x)  # Convert from int to float
b = int(y)    # Convert from float to int
c = complex(x)  # Convert from int to complex

print(a)
print(b)
print(c)

Please note that you cannot directly convert complex numbers into other numeric types.

Random Numbers

Python provides a built-in module called random for generating random numbers. While Python doesn't have a random() function, you can use the random module to create random numbers. Here's an example of generating a random number between 1 and 9:

import random

print(random.randrange(1, 10))

Explore the random module further in our Random Module Reference to understand more about generating random numbers and using randomization in Python.

Understanding and working with Python numbers is vital for a wide range of applications, from scientific calculations to data analysis and beyond.